Key Points:
- Ideas of Popular/Mass Culture - Introduction of critical theory to PC&MM - Identify Ideology - Interrogate function of mass media and how it affects us
What is Culture?
Raymond Williams- Cultural philosopher (Keywords)
- Process of intellectual/Spiritual/aesthetic developments in a particular society - A way of life – Daily routine/Hobbies - Works of intellectual and artistic significance – Our role/Occupation
Marx’s Concept of Base/Superstructure
- All societies originate from the same structure - Developed structure originates from the base structure - Culture appears when people are oppressed - Leaving culture to appear from class interests and leads to protect them - Marx states that a persons culture is determined by the culture of the society they were born into not that that culture is developed an individuals.
According to Marx Culture is Ideological
- System of ideas that is created by the ruling class which aims to benefit society
Raymond Williams Key words - Well liked by many - Inferior kinds of work - Set out to win favor of people - Culture is created by people themselves
Inferior or Ridicule Culture – Popular V Art - Graffiti V Bansky
Defining Culture
Matthew Arnold – Culture and Anarchy
“Diseased spirit of our time” (inferiors desire to have rights) - Popular culture = Absent form of political authority - Arnold believed a person was either culture and civilized or uncultured and barbaric - The uncultured should seek to have the same culture as the upper class and not create their own.
Leavisism – F.R & QD
Extended version of Arnold’s theory
Based on 21st Century society
Frankfurt school critical theory
- Adorno & Horkheimer Reinterpreted Marx’s theory - Idea that “all mass culture is identical” - “As soon as a film begins it is clear how it will end, and who will be rewarded, punished or forgotten - Popular V affirmative culture
Conclusion
-Popular culture is ideology
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